The Effects of Earthquakes
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20 minute starter task: Produce a fact sheet to show how each of the effects above are linked to earthquakes. Your fact sheet should include a brief description of the effect, how it links to earthquakes, a recent example and an image.
Earthquake Case Study - Japan 2011
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Objective: To build up a case study of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan in 2011.
Why did it happen? Step 1: Use the worksheet to firstly draw out the plate boundary characteristics off the coastline of Japan. This link may help you or there is a more 3D representation to the right. Where did it happen? Step 2: On the second side of your worksheet, complete the sketch outline of Japan using this outline map. Add a north arrow. Mark on the locations of: i. Tokyo ii. Sendai iii. Fukishima Nuclear Power Station. Label the names of the main islands. Link here (in case your Japanese Geography is not great!) Step 3: Mark on the location of epicentre, the magnitude of the earthquake, the depth of the focus and the time that it occurred. Use this link to help you. When did it happen? Step 4: Use the first video one the right to add information to the sheet you have drawn the map from Step 2. Who was affected by it happening? Step 5 - Click here to be taken to some before & after photos showing the devastation caused by the earthquake and subsequent tsunami. Choose one image of before & after and take a screen shot and paste both into a Word document. Then comment what the likely effects would be on the people in that area. Step 6 - Click here to be taken to an article from the Daily Telegraph detailing the impacts of disaster. Add some of these to your annotations in Step 5. The Nuclear Impacts (Triple Disaster) Step 7 - Although a secondary effect (something caused by the earthquake that happens later) of the Japanese quake was the tsunami, this in itself caused another secondary effect. Research the Fukushima nuclear accident and watch this video from the BBC. You can then watch the video above right 'Japan's Fukushima 'worst in history'. Create a fact sheet that shows the causes and short term (up to one week) and long term (years in the future) effects of the nuclear accident. Check out the infographic below for a summary of the events in Japan in 2011. |
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Reducing The Impacts Of Earthquakes
So, it is quite clear that humans can't stop earthquakes from happening. It is not possible to staple together plate boundaries and so nature must be allowed to run its course. However, we have a problem where large earthquakes happen where there are also large densities of people. The problem can be made much worse if these populations are also very poor.
Task 1 - Take a look at the comparative pie charts below showing incidences of big earthquakes (blue) compared to the deaths they caused (red) in both rich and poor countries. Complete the task on the worksheet.
Task 2 - Listen to the 23 minute podcast below from the BBC Inquiry team. As always, the episode is split into four parts and you will hear from four expert witnesses. Use the note taking section of the worksheet to answer the questions.
In the podcast, you heard and excerpt from a 2008 video called 'The Great Shakeout'. That video is embedded below. It shows you the likely impact of a large earthquake (which is overdue) on Southern California. Remember, there is nothing that people can do to stop this impending earthquake so the focus is on being prepared.
Task 3 - From 2:43 onward, make a list of the different ways that people can reduce their levels of vulnerability to the inevitable earthquake.
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Task 4 - Watch the second video above (October 2018) and take notes on how the annual shakeout works and how they hope to better prepare the population of southern California.
Task 5 - Watch the third and final video above. Take notes on how this application works. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the app?
Homework - Complete the following IGCSE Exam Style Question:
For a named earthquake, describe its effects on people and the environment. [7 marks]
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Describe the techniques used to reduce the impacts of earthquakes on people. [7 marks]
For a named earthquake, describe its effects on people and the environment. [7 marks]
or
Describe the techniques used to reduce the impacts of earthquakes on people. [7 marks]
